Using logistic regression to regulate for ethnicity, fetal gestational age group, maternal age group, and adults per area (a proxy measure for socioeconomic status), we discovered the estimated probability of examining positive for TPOAb to become 2

Using logistic regression to regulate for ethnicity, fetal gestational age group, maternal age group, and adults per area (a proxy measure for socioeconomic status), we discovered the estimated probability of examining positive for TPOAb to become 2.41 times better for each log-unit upsurge in mid-pregnancy BPb (95% CI: 1.53, 3.82). Table 3 Unadjusted and altered regression coefficients (for FT4, ln-transformed TSH, and ln-transformed TPOAb) and chances ratios (for TPOAb ?10 IU/mL vs. assessed concentrations of BPb, free of charge thyroxine (Foot4), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), and thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) in archived serum examples. Results: Weighed against women in the unexposed town, females from the shown town acquired lower mean Foot4 (0.91 0.17 vs. 1.03 0.16 ng/dL), higher mean TPOAb (15.45 33.08 vs. 5.12 6.38 IU/mL), and higher mean BPb (20.00 6.99 vs. 5.57 2.01 g/dL). No distinctions in TSH amounts were discovered. After modification for potential confounders, for every natural log device upsurge in BPb, Foot4 decreased by 0.074 LY315920 (Varespladib) ng/dL (95% CI: C0.10, C0.046 ng/dL), and the odds ratio for screening positive to TPOAb was 2.41 (95% CI: 1.53, 3.82). We found no association between BPb and TSH. Conclusions: Prolonged lead exposure may contribute to maternal LY315920 (Varespladib) thyroid dysfunction by stimulating autoimmunity to the thyroid gland. Citation: Kahn LG, Liu X, Rajovic B, Popovac D, Oberfield S, Graziano JH, Factor-Litvak P. 2014. Blood lead concentration and thyroid function during pregnancy: results from the Yugoslavia Prospective Study of Environmental Lead Exposure. Environ Health Perspect 122:1134C1140;?http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1307669 Introduction The adverse effects of early childhood exposure to high levels of environmental lead are well established (Needleman and Landrigan 1991). In some but not all studies, higher prenatal lead exposure [blood lead (BPb) level, 10C20 g/dL] is usually associated with a wide range of adverse pregnancy outcomes (Bellinger 2005), including shorter gestational lengths (Cantonwine et al. LY315920 (Varespladib) 2010); reduced birth excess weight (Bellinger et al. 1991; Gonzalez-Cossio et al. 1997), birth length, and head circumference (Hernandez-Avila et al. 2002); deficits in infant mental development (Gomaa et al. 2002); and decreased child IQ (Schnaas et al. 2006; Wasserman et al. 1998, 2000). Elevated prenatal Rabbit Polyclonal to TOP2A exposure to lead may be associated with adult-onset psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia (Opler et al. 2004, 2008). Although imply BPb levels in the United States declined precipitously LY315920 (Varespladib) following the removal of lead from gasoline and most paint in the mid-1970s, the greatest decline in IQ among children occurs at the lowest levels of exposure (Lanphear et al. 2005), indicating that there may be no safe LY315920 (Varespladib) level of lead exposure (Bellinger 2008). In large areas of the world, where the mining, smelting, and refining of lead and the manufacture and recycling of lead-containing products such as batteries, computers, and solar panels are not closely monitored, lead poisoning is still a serious health concern for children. A recent episode of acute lead poisoning related to artisanal platinum processing in a village in northwestern Nigeria that killed 25% of the population 5 years of age emphasizes the hazard that lead continues to present in many places around the world (Dooyema et al. 2012). A recent report on a U.S. national sample of more than half a million pregnant women found that 15.5% of those screened tested positive for either clinical [elevated thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) and reduced free thyroxine (FT4)] or subclinical (elevated TSH and normal FT4) hypothyroidism, far higher than previous estimates (Blatt et al. 2012). Prevalences in other parts of the world, especially developing countries where iodine deficiency is still a public health problem, have been found to be even greater (Mbah et al. 2011). Despite its high prevalence and unfavorable outcomes, little is known about the predictors of clinical and subclinical gestational hypothyroidism aside from iodine deficiency. Maternal iodine intake must increase by 50% to gas the increase in thyroid hormone production during pregnancy (Stagnaro-Green and Pearce 2013), and even moderate to moderate first-trimester gestational iodine deficiency can lead to decrements in verbal IQ and reading ability in school-age children (Bath et al. 2013). Other variables reported to be associated with gestational hypothyroidism include larger maternal thyroid size, higher gravidity, higher prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), and increased fetal gestational age (Boas et al. 2009a; Mbah et al. 2011). Animal studies and studies of acute human exposure indicate that numerous chemicals interfere with thyroid hormone regulation and function (Boas et al. 2009b; Hartoft-Nielsen et al. 2011; Pearce and Braverman 2009). However, few studies assess the associations between prolonged lower-dose environmental exposures on thyroid function, and even fewer consider these in pregnant women. The deleterious effect of gestational hypothyroidism on fetal brain development is usually well documented (de Escobar et al. 2004). Additionally, the presence of maternal thyroid peroxidase antibodies (TPOAb) during late gestation has been associated with reduced child IQ at 5 years of age even when controlling for postpartum thyroid dysfunction and maternal depressive disorder (Pop et al. 1995). Although untreated maternal thyroid dysfunction has been associated with a reduction of.